右心衰竭概述_心力衰竭

In right sided heart failure the right ventricle cannot contract with enough force to push deoxygenated blood

右心衰竭时,右心室无法以足够的力量收缩,

a volume called preload out of the heart through the pulmonary arteries and into the lungs for oxygenation.

将被称为前负荷的脱氧血液泵出心脏,通过肺动脉进入肺部进行氧合·

The most common cause of right sided heart failure is left sided heart failure often the result of coronary artery disease.

右心衰竭最常见的病因是左心衰竭,而左心衰竭通常由冠状动脉疾病引起·

Increased after load or resistance in pulmonary arteries elevates pumping pressure and weakens the right ventricle over time.

肺动脉后负荷增加或阻力增大,会使泵血压力升高,并随着时间推移削弱右心室功能·

Right sided heart failure caused by pulmonary disorders is called cor pulmonale.

由肺部疾病引起的右心衰竭被称为肺源性心脏病(肺心病)·

Pulmonary conditions that contribute to right sided heart failure are

可导致右心衰竭的肺部疾病包括

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD

慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)、

cystic fibrosis and acute respiratory distress syndrome or ARDS.

囊性纤维化和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)·

As the overworked right ventricle labors to get the blood into the normally low pressure pulmonary arterial system

当过度工作的右心室努力将血液泵入正常情况下低压的肺动脉系统时,

its walls hypertrophy and pump ineffectively.

其心室壁会发生肥厚,且泵血效率降低·

Ineffective pumping causes blood to remain in the right ventricle and atrium

泵血功能障碍会导致血液滞留于右心室和右心房,

increasing pressure inside the right side of the heart and pulmonary arteries

使右心腔及肺动脉内压力升高,

forcing the right ventricle to work harder to overcome the resistance.

迫使右心室更加努力地工作以克服阻力·

The heart muscle hypertrophies and pumps ineffectively

心肌发生肥厚且泵血无效,

resulting in the insufficient delivery of nutrients and oxygen to the heart and other vital tissues.

导致心脏和其他重要组织无法获得足够的营养和氧气·

Blood accumulating in the right ventricle and atrium congests the venous circulation

积聚在右心室和右心房的血液会造成静脉系统淤血,

including the vena cavae jugular veins and portal circulation.

包括腔静脉、颈静脉和门静脉循环·

Built up blood and fluid in the liver's tissues leads to hepatomegaly.

肝组织中血液和液体的淤积会导致肝肿大·

Reduced cardiac output deprives the kidneys of blood impairing filtration and their ability to remove excess sodium and water.

心输出量减少会使肾脏供血不足,损害其滤过功能及排出多余钠和水分的能力·

Nocturia or excessive urination at night often reflects the renal impairment secondary to right sided heart failure.

夜尿症(夜间排尿过多)通常反映了右心衰竭继发的肾脏损害·

Retained sodium and water increase the blood volume pumped by the overloaded heart

体内潴留的钠和水分会增加超负荷心脏的泵血量,

raising vascular pressure and increasing resistance against which the heart must pump.

升高血管压力,并增加心脏泵血时需克服的阻力·

In response to venous congestion

作为对静脉淤血的反应,

fluid collects in the skin and soft tissues

液体会积聚在皮肤和软组织中,

causing a condition called peripheral edema

导致周围性水肿;

and in the abdomen causing a condition known as ascites.

积聚在腹腔则导致腹水·

Treatment for heart failure involves changes in lifestyle such as diet and exercise medication surgery or a combination of approaches.

心力衰竭的治疗包括生活方式的改变(如饮食和运动)、药物治疗、手术或多种方法联合使用·

Commonly medications for right sided heart failure are geared toward improving left sided cardiac function.

通常,右心衰竭的药物治疗旨在改善左心功能·

Medications commonly prescribed for heart failure include：

心力衰竭常用的处方药物包括：

diuretics which reduce fluid volume and venous return by inhibiting sodium and water reabsorption along the kidney's renal tubular system

利尿剂,通过抑制肾脏肾小管系统对钠和水的重吸收来减少血容量和静脉回心血量;

ACE inhibitors which block hormones in the renin angiotensin aldosterone system

血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂(ACEI),阻断肾素 - 血管紧张素 - 醛固酮系统中的激素,

dilating vessels lowering blood volume and venous return decreasing the heart's workload and halting ventricular hypertrophy

扩张血管,降低血容量和静脉回心血量,减轻心脏负荷并阻止心室肥厚;

digoxin a medication that increases the force of myocardial contractility by raising intracellular sodium and calcium concentrations

地高辛,通过提高细胞内钠和钙浓度来增强心肌收缩力

and beta blockers which compete with norepinephrine molecules for binding sites on cardiomyocytes preventing norepinephrine's effects resulting in reduced speed and strength of the contractions which can support more efficient circulation through the body.

β 受体阻滞剂,与去甲肾上腺素分子竞争心肌细胞上的结合位点,对抗去甲肾上腺素的作用,从而降低心肌收缩的速度和强度,有助于支持更有效的全身循环·