您的医生可能会开具一种或多种药物来治疗您的心力衰竭。
利尿剂通过增加肾脏产生的尿量来减轻您身体的水肿。
血管紧张素转换酶（ACE）抑制剂是能使您的血管扩张的药物。
这有助于降低您的血压，并通过使心脏更容易泵血来防止对心脏的进一步损害。
β受体阻滞剂是阻断应激激素对心脏作用的药物。
尽管β受体阻滞剂会减慢您的心率，但它们主要用于保护心肌免受应激激素造成的长期损害。

The prostate is part of the male reproductive system.
前列腺是男性生殖系统的一部分·
It produces prostatic fluid a component of semen that carries sperm during ejaculation.
它产生前列腺液,这是精液的组成部分,在射精时携带精子·
The urethra a tube that carries urine from the bladder through the penis and out of the body passes through the prostate.
尿道,一条将尿液从膀胱经阴茎排出体外的管道,穿过前列腺·
Prostate tissue is divided into several functional zones the transition zone central zone and peripheral zone.
前列腺组织被划分为数个功能区域——移行区、中央区和周围区·
The prostate consists of secretory glands and ducts surrounded by fibromuscular tissue called the stroma.
前列腺由被纤维肌性组织(称为间质)包围的腺体和导管组成·
Throughout life the male sex hormone testosterone influences prostate growth and development.
在一生中,男性性激素睾酮影响前列腺的生长和发育·
Prostatic stromal cells express an enzyme that converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
前列腺间质细胞表达一种酶,可将睾酮转化为双氢睾酮·
Dihydrotestosterone binds to stromal cells
双氢睾酮与间质细胞结合,
releasing signaling factors that stimulate prostatic cell division and growth.
释放出刺激前列腺细胞分裂和生长的信号因子·
As men age dihydrotestosterone can accumulate among prostate cells.
随着男性年龄的增长,双氢睾酮可在前列腺细胞中积累·
In addition circulating testosterone levels fall and estrogen levels rise.
此外,循环中的睾酮水平下降,而雌激素水平上升·
These hormonal changes may lead to excessive prostatic cell growth
这些激素变化可能导致前列腺细胞过度生长,
characteristic of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer.
这是良性前列腺增生和前列腺癌的特征·
In benign prostatic hyperplasia
在良性前列腺增生中,
the glandular epithelium and stroma proliferate in the transition zone and form nodules that expand the tissue.
移行区的腺上皮和间质增生并形成扩大组织的结节·
Over time the enlarged tissue compresses the urethra and prevents normal urination.
随着时间的推移,增大的组织压迫尿道,阻碍正常排尿·
In contrast prostate cancer commonly occurs in the peripheral zone
相比之下,前列腺癌通常发生在周围区,
in which the glandular epithelial cells mutate and divide in an uncontrolled manner.
腺上皮细胞在此发生突变并以不受控制的方式分裂·
Many new abnormal glands and one or more malignant tumors develop.
许多新的异常腺体和一个或多个恶性肿瘤得以发展·
The large tumors may compress the urethra and disrupt the urine stream.
大的肿瘤可能会压迫尿道并干扰尿流·
In a process called metastasis
在一种称为转移的过程中,
the tumor cells spread to tissues both near and distant from the prostate.
肿瘤细胞扩散到前列腺附近和远处的组织·
Treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia may include medications
良性前列腺增生的治疗可能包括药物,
such as 5 alpha reductase inhibitors
如5α还原酶抑制剂,
which block the enzymatic conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone.
它们阻断睾酮转化为双氢睾酮的酶促转化·
As a result the excess stromal and epithelial growth stops and the prostate shrinks.
因此,多余的间质和上皮生长停止,前列腺缩小·
One treatment for prostate cancer is radical prostatectomy
前列腺癌的一种治疗方法是根治性前列腺切除术,
a procedure in which the entire prostate and select surrounding tissues are surgically removed.
该手术将整个前列腺和选定的周围组织切除·
Other treatments for prostate cancer include
前列腺癌的其他治疗方法包括
chemotherapy
化疗、
hormone therapy
激素治疗、
radiation therapy
放射治疗
and other surgical procedures
以及其他手术,
such as transurethral resection of the prostate or TURP.
如经尿道前列腺切除术(TURP)·
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