水对维持正常细胞功能和血容量的重要性_水

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The body's fluids are a mix of water acids bases and dissolved substances known as solutes

体液是水、酸、碱和溶解物质(溶液质)的混合体

the majority of solutes in the extracellular fluid are electrically charged particles called electrolytes

细胞外液中的大多数溶质是带电粒子,称为电解质

sodium is one of the most abundant electrolytes

钠是最丰富的电解质之一

in order to sustain normal cellular functions and blood volume

为了维持正常的细胞功能和血容量

these elements are maintained within a narrow range in a process called homeostasis

这些元素需要在一个称为稳态的狭窄范围内保持平衡

the sodium concentration in blood plasma called serum sodium

血浆中的钠浓度称为血清钠

indicates sodium and water distribution and healthy blood volume

可以指示钠和水的分布以及健康的血容量

normal serum sodium is maintained at 135 to 145 milli equivalents per liter

正常的血清钠维持在135到145每升毫当量(mEq/L)

however a serum sodium measuring less than 135 milli equivalents per liter is known as hyponatremia

然而,血清钠浓度低于 135 毫当量每升被称为低钠血症·

the most common type of hyponatremia is dilutional hyponatremia

低钠血症最常见的类型是稀释性低钠血症

which involves excess extracellular water relative to sodium concentration

它涉及相对于钠浓度过多的细胞外水

for instance profuse sweating causes the loss of water sodium and other solutes through the skin

例如,大量出汗会通过皮肤丧失水分、钠和其他溶质

in response thirst is stimulated and water intake increases sometimes in excessive amounts

作为反应,会刺激口渴,水的摄入量有时会过多

excess water entering the extracellular fluid in the bloodstream

进入血液中的细胞外液的过量水分没有钠

without sodium dilutes the sodium levels in the blood and can lead to dilutional hyponatremia

从而稀释了血液中的钠水平,可能导致稀释性低钠血症·

likewise in chronic kidney disease the kidneys lose the ability to adequately filter the appropriate amount of fluid

同样,在慢性肾脏疾病中,肾脏失去了足够过滤血液中适量的液体和废物的能力

and waste products from the blood

this abnormal process dilutes blood's sodium levels

这种异常过程会稀释血液中的钠含量

and leads to water retention in the interstitial spaces

并导致间质间隙中的水潴留

in an attempt to restore water and electrolyte balance extracellular water moves into cells

为了恢复水和电解质平衡,细胞外的水进入细胞

the cells swell resulting in damage and the inability to function normally

细胞肿胀导致损伤并无法正常运作

treatments for hyponatremia include water restriction

治疗低钠血症的方法包括限制水分

which allows the excess water to move via osmosis from the cell back into the extracellular fluid

使过量的水分通过渗透作用从细胞返回到细胞外液

administration of hypertonic saline solution

给予高渗盐水溶液

a fluid with a higher sodium concentration than normal extracellular fluid

这是一种比正常细胞外液钠浓度更高的液体

that returns blood sodium to normal levels

使血钠恢复到正常水平

and antidiuretic hormone inhibitor medications

和抗利尿激素抑制剂药物

that help the kidneys retain electrolytes while increasing water excretion in urine

帮助肾脏保留电解质,同时增加尿液中的水分排泄