皮肤烧伤的严重程度分级和治疗_皮肤烧伤

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The skin contains three main layers

皮肤包含三个主要层：

the epidermis

表皮

dermis

真皮

and hypodermis

和皮下组织

or subcutaneous

或皮下

Burns are tissue injuries caused by heat

烧伤是由热引起的组织损伤,

chemicals

化学品

xelectricity

x电力

radiation

辐射

extreme cold

极冷

or friction that disrupt the skin's framework and function

或破坏皮肤结构和功能的摩擦

Superficial burns affect the epidermis only causing erythema or redness and pain

浅表烧伤仅影响表皮,导致红斑或发红和疼痛

Partial thickness burns are either superficial or deep

部分厚度烧伤是浅表或深层的

Superficial partial thickness burns involve the epidermis and the upper or papillary dermis

浅表部分层烧伤涉及表皮和上层或乳头状真皮,

causing immediate blistering and intense pain and sensitivity

立即引起水泡、剧烈疼痛和敏感

Deep partial thickness burns destroy the papillary dermis

深度二度烧伤会破坏真皮乳头层,

epidermis

表皮,

and most of the lower

和大多数较低的

or reticular dermis

或网状真皮

sparing some cutaneous nerve endings capillaries and dermal appendages

保留一些皮肤神经末梢、毛细血管和真皮附属器

Full thickness burns destroy the entire epidermis dermis and portions of the hypodermis

全层烧伤会破坏整个表皮、真皮和部分皮下组织

The burned area is white brown dry and charred has no sensation

烧伤部位呈白色、棕色、干燥、烧焦,没有知觉,

and cannot heal without surgical intervention

如果不进行手术干预就无法治愈

Burns can also be evaluated by determining the percentage of body surface area they cover

还可以通过确定烧伤覆盖的身体表面积的百分比来评估烧伤

This percentage can be estimated quickly using the rule of nines

这个百分比可以使用九分法快速估计,

a formula in which each body part is assigned a value of 9% or a multiple of nine

一个公式,其中每个身体部位都分配有 9% 或 9 的倍数的值

Severe burns involving a large surface area

涉及大面积的严重烧伤

increase capillary permeability

增加毛细血管通透性

and lead to two stages of shock

并导致两个阶段的休克

In hypovolemic shock

在低血容量休克中,

water

水

electrolytes

电解质

and plasma proteins leak from the bloodstream into interstitial spaces creating widespread edema

血浆蛋白从血流渗漏到间质空间,造成广泛的水肿

In burn shock the lowered intravascular volume increases blood viscosity and vascular resistance

烧伤休克时,血管内容量降低,血液粘度和血管阻力增加

To compensate the heart rate speeds up

作为补偿,心率加快

As a result organs and tissues do not receive adequate blood supply

结果,器官和组织得不到足够的血液供应,

resulting in tissue and organ death from a lack of oxygen

导致组织和器官因缺氧而死亡

Burn treatment aims to restore fluid balance through administration of intravenous fluids

烧伤治疗的目的是通过静脉输液恢复液体平衡,

electrolytes and proteins which increases intravascular volume

电解质和蛋白质,增加血管内容量

Wound care reduces complications by preventing infection and promoting healing of damaged tissues

伤口护理通过预防感染和促进受损组织愈合来减少并发症

Analgesics control the pain and inflammation of superficial burns

镇痛药可控制浅表烧伤的疼痛和炎症

Superficial partial thickness burns are cleansed

浅表二度烧伤被清除,

covered with a sterile dressing

用无菌敷料覆盖,

and monitored regularly for infection

并定期监测感染情况

In deep partial thickness burns dead skin or eschar is routinely detached or debrided to a healthy level

在深度二度烧伤中,死皮或焦痂通常会脱落或清创至健康水平

The wound bed is kept clean and moist to allow epithelial regeneration

保持伤口床清洁和湿润,以利于上皮再生

and to accept transplanted tissue called a skin graft

并接受称为皮肤移植的移植组织

Full thickness burns are excised and regularly debrided to prevent ischemia and infection

全层烧伤被切除并定期清创,以防止缺血和感染,

and to create a viable base for grafting

并为嫁接创造可行的基础