莱姆病，也称为疏螺旋体病，是由一种名为伯氏疏螺旋体的微小细菌引起的感染
与蜘蛛有关的动物，称为黑腿蜱，也称为鹿蜱，可能会感染这种细菌
如果被受感染的蜱虫叮咬，您可能会感染莱姆病
蜱虫有四个生命阶段：卵、六足幼虫、八足若虫和成虫
为了生存和生长，蜱虫必须在发育的每个阶段吸食宿主动物的血液
如果宿主动物已经感染了细菌，
当蜱虫吸食宿主动物的血液时，就会被感染
然后，您可能会从草地、灌木丛或树木繁茂的区域，或从身上有受感染蜱虫的动物身上感染受感染的蜱虫
如果受感染的蜱虫附着在您身上，它会将细菌转移到您的体内
当细菌侵入您的皮肤并繁殖时，它们不会产生直接损害您的组织的毒素或化学物质
相反，它们会产生吸引免疫细胞的化学物质，从而尝试清除感染
这种免疫反应会导致皮肤细胞发炎和损伤
从那时起，莱姆病分为三个可以重叠的阶段
早期局部疾病、早期播散性疾病和晚期疾病`
在早期局部阶段，您可能会出现红色皮疹，称为游走性红斑
通常在被蜱虫叮咬后 7 至 14 天出现
在早期传播阶段，细菌开始进入您的血液
这种情况发生在被咬后几天到几周
细菌可以扩散到您的血液中，使您的器官组织发炎，包括您的大脑、神经和心脏
如果不治疗，疾病可能进展至晚期
在此阶段，感染可能会扩散到全身
这种情况发生在被咬后数月或数年
此阶段常见肌肉和关节症状
感染莱姆病的主要风险是在室外、受感染蜱虫居住的地方花费大量时间
饲养可能将受感染蜱虫从这些地区带回家的宠物也会增加您的风险
早期莱姆病的常见症状是游走性红斑皮疹
虽然它可能具有靶心形状，但通常不是
其他症状可能包括发烧、发冷、头痛、疲倦、肌肉和关节疼痛以及淋巴结肿大
如果不治疗，它可能会扩散到身体的其他部位并导致以下症状
颈部僵硬、严重头痛、面瘫（即一侧或两侧脸部下垂或肌肉张力丧失），
心跳异常或加快、头晕、呼吸短促、神经痛、手脚疼痛、麻木或刺痛，以及记忆力或注意力问题
如果您患有莱姆病，您的医生可能会开口服抗生素
对于严重症状，您可能需要通过静脉注射或肌肉注射抗生素
尽早接受治疗以获得最佳康复机会非常重要
预防莱姆病的一种方法是避开蜱虫居住的地方
如果你真的进入这些领域，
使用含有避蚊胺或派卡瑞丁等化学物质的驱虫剂，
穿长裤和长袖衬衫
用一种叫做氯菊酯的化学物质来杀死昆虫，处理你的衣服和装备
走在步道中心，避开草地或灌木丛区域
从这些地区返回后，检查您的衣服、装备和宠物是否有蜱虫
将衣服放入烘干机中高温至少 10 分钟，以杀死衣服上的蜱虫
使用镜子或请人帮助您检查身体上是否有蜱虫
腋下、耳朵内和周围、头发内和周围、腰部周围、肚脐内和两腿之间
从户外回来​​后两小时内洗澡
要了解有关莱姆病的更多信息，请咨询您的医疗保健医生

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Lyme disease also called Borreliosis is an infection caused by a tiny bacterium called Borrelia burgdorferi
莱姆病,也称为疏螺旋体病,是由一种名为伯氏疏螺旋体的微小细菌引起的感染
Animals related to spiders called black legged ticks also known as deer ticks can become infected with this bacterium
与蜘蛛有关的动物,称为黑腿蜱,也称为鹿蜱,可能会感染这种细菌
You can catch Lyme disease if you are bitten by an infected tick
如果被受感染的蜱虫叮咬,您可能会感染莱姆病
Ticks have four life stages an egg a six legged larva an eight legged nymph and an adult
蜱虫有四个生命阶段：卵、六足幼虫、八足若虫和成虫
To survive and grow a tick must eat the blood of a host animal at every stage of development
为了生存和生长,蜱虫必须在发育的每个阶段吸食宿主动物的血液
If the host animal is already infected with the bacteria
如果宿主动物已经感染了细菌,
the tick can become infected when it feeds on the host animal's blood
当蜱虫吸食宿主动物的血液时,就会被感染
Then you may pick up the infected tick either from a grassy brushy or wooded area or from an animal that has an infected tick on it
然后,您可能会从草地、灌木丛或树木繁茂的区域,或从身上有受感染蜱虫的动物身上感染受感染的蜱虫
If an infected tick attaches to you it can transfer the bacteria into your body
如果受感染的蜱虫附着在您身上,它会将细菌转移到您的体内
As the bacteria invade and multiply in your skin they do not make toxins or chemicals that directly damage your tissue
当细菌侵入您的皮肤并繁殖时,它们不会产生直接损害您的组织的毒素或化学物质
Instead they make chemicals that attract your immune cells which try to clear the infection
相反,它们会产生吸引免疫细胞的化学物质,从而尝试清除感染
This immune response can inflame and damage your skin cells
这种免疫反应会导致皮肤细胞发炎和损伤
From there Lyme disease has three stages that can overlap
从那时起,莱姆病分为三个可以重叠的阶段
Early localized disease early disseminated disease and late disease`
早期局部疾病、早期播散性疾病和晚期疾病`
During the early localized stage you may have a red rash called erythema migrans
在早期局部阶段,您可能会出现红色皮疹,称为游走性红斑
It usually appears around the tick bite 7 to 14 days after you are bitten
通常在被蜱虫叮咬后 7 至 14 天出现
During the early disseminated stage the bacteria begin to enter your bloodstream
在早期传播阶段,细菌开始进入您的血液
This happens days to weeks after the bite
这种情况发生在被咬后几天到几周
The bacteria can spread throughout your bloodstream to inflame the tissue of your organs including your brain nerves and heart
细菌可以扩散到您的血液中,使您的器官组织发炎,包括您的大脑、神经和心脏
If not treated the disease can progress to the late stage
如果不治疗,疾病可能进展至晚期
During this stage the infection can spread throughout your body
在此阶段,感染可能会扩散到全身
This happens months or years after the bite
这种情况发生在被咬后数月或数年
Muscle and joint symptoms are common in this stage
此阶段常见肌肉和关节症状
The main risk for getting Lyme disease is spending a lot of time outside in places where infected ticks live
感染莱姆病的主要风险是在室外、受感染蜱虫居住的地方花费大量时间
Having a pet that may carry infected ticks home from these areas can also increase your risk
饲养可能将受感染蜱虫从这些地区带回家的宠物也会增加您的风险
A common symptom of early Lyme disease is the erythema migrans rash
早期莱姆病的常见症状是游走性红斑皮疹
While it may have a bullseye shape it often doesn't
虽然它可能具有靶心形状,但通常不是
Other symptoms may include fever chills headache feeling tired achy muscles and joints and swollen lymph nodes
其他症状可能包括发烧、发冷、头痛、疲倦、肌肉和关节疼痛以及淋巴结肿大
If not treated it may spread to other parts of your body and cause the following symptoms
如果不治疗,它可能会扩散到身体的其他部位并导致以下症状
A stiff neck severe headaches facial palsy which is drooping or loss of muscle tone on one or both sides of your face
颈部僵硬、严重头痛、面瘫(即一侧或两侧脸部下垂或肌肉张力丧失),
an abnormal or fast heartbeat feeling dizzy shortness of breath nerve pain pain numbness or tingling in the hands or feet and problems with memory or concentration
心跳异常或加快、头晕、呼吸短促、神经痛、手脚疼痛、麻木或刺痛,以及记忆力或注意力问题
If you have Lyme disease your healthcare practitioner may prescribe oral antibiotics
如果您患有莱姆病,您的医生可能会开口服抗生素
For severe symptoms you may need an injection of antibiotics through an IV or in a muscle
对于严重症状,您可能需要通过静脉注射或肌肉注射抗生素
It's important to be treated as early as possible for the best chance of recovery
尽早接受治疗以获得最佳康复机会非常重要
One way to prevent Lyme disease is to avoid the places where ticks live
预防莱姆病的一种方法是避开蜱虫居住的地方
If you do go into these areas
如果你真的进入这些领域,
use an insect repellent that contains chemicals such DEET or Picaridin
使用含有避蚊胺或派卡瑞丁等化学物质的驱虫剂,
wear long pants and a long sleeved shirt
穿长裤和长袖衬衫
Treat your clothes and gear with a chemical that kills insects called permethrin
用一种叫做氯菊酯的化学物质来杀死昆虫,处理你的衣服和装备
And walk in the center of trail paths to avoid grassy or brushy areas
走在步道中心,避开草地或灌木丛区域
After returning from these areas inspect your clothes gear and pets for ticks
从这些地区返回后,检查您的衣服、装备和宠物是否有蜱虫
Put your clothes in a dryer on high heat for at least 10 minutes to kill any ticks on them
将衣服放入烘干机中高温至少 10 分钟,以杀死衣服上的蜱虫
Use a mirror or have someone help you check for ticks on your body
使用镜子或请人帮助您检查身体上是否有蜱虫
Under your arms in and around your ears in and around your hair around your waist in your belly button and between your legs
腋下、耳朵内和周围、头发内和周围、腰部周围、肚脐内和两腿之间
And take a shower within two hours after returning from outdoors
从户外回来​​后两小时内洗澡
To find out more about Lyme disease talk to your healthcare practitioner
要了解有关莱姆病的更多信息,请咨询您的医疗保健医生