神经损伤导致的听力损失_神经损伤导致的听力损失

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Hearing begins with the external ear funneling sound waves

听觉始于外耳汇集声波

through the external auditory canal to the tympanic membrane

通过外耳道到达鼓膜

The tympanic membrane vibrates in response to the sound waves

鼓膜响应声波而振动

Three connected bones called the malleus incus and stapes

三块相连的骨头,称为锤骨、砧骨和镫骨

transmit the vibrations through the middle ear

通过中耳传递振动

Movement of the stapes causes vibrations of the membranous oval window of the inner ear

镫骨的运动引起内耳膜质卵圆窗的振动

Oval window vibrations create fluid waves in the two perilymph filled chambers in the cochlea

卵圆窗振动在耳蜗的两个充满外淋巴的腔室中产生流体波

ending at the round window

结束于圆窗

These waves of perilymph also push on a third fluid filled chamber called the cochlear duct

这些外淋巴波还推动第三个充满液体的腔室,称为耳蜗管

Inside the cochlear duct

在耳蜗管内,

sensory receptor cells called hair cells

感觉受体细胞称为毛细胞

line one of the walls of the duct

沿着管道的一壁排列

called the basilar membrane

称为基底膜

The tectorial membrane covers the hair cells

盖膜覆盖毛细胞

Collectively this group of structures is called the organ of Corti

总的来说,这组结构被称为柯蒂氏器

Fluid pressure in the perilymph pushes on the basilar membrane

外淋巴中的流体压力推动基底膜

and its attached hair cells

及其附着的毛细胞

which bend when pushed against the stationary tectorial membrane

当被推向静止的盖膜时会弯曲

This event sets off a chain reaction within the hair cells

该事件在毛细胞内引发连锁反应

converting the pressure wave to a nerve impulse in the nerve fibers

将压力波转换为神经纤维中的神经冲动

Nerve fibers throughout the cochlea

遍布耳蜗的神经纤维

combine to form the cochlear branch of the vestibulocochlear

结合形成前庭蜗的耳蜗支

or auditory nerve

或听觉神经

which transmits the sound nerve impulse to the brain

将声音神经冲动传递到大脑

Sensory neural hearing loss is caused by disease or damage

感觉神经性听力损失是由疾病或损伤引起的

to the nervous pathway from the organ of Corti

从柯蒂氏器到神经通路

to the vestibulocochlear nerve

到前庭蜗神经

and central auditory system in the brainstem

和脑干的中枢听觉系统

Damage to the auditory nerve pathway can result from aging

听觉神经通路的损伤可能是由于衰老、

chronic loud noise viral infections

慢性噪音、病毒感染、

or physical trauma to the temporal bone

或颞骨的物理创伤

Another common cause of hearing loss is Meniere's disease

听力损失的另一个常见原因是梅尼埃病

in which a build up of perilymph fluid left untreated which result in the rupture of the membranous labyrinth

外淋巴液积聚未经处理,导致膜迷路破裂

Diagnostic tests include tuning fork test

诊断测试包括音叉测试

and audiometer testing

和听力计测试

Depending on the cause and severity of auditory nerve damage

根据听神经损伤的原因和严重程度,

sensory neural hearing loss is treated with devices such as hearing aides or cochlear implants

感觉神经性听力损失可通过助听器或人工耳蜗等设备进行治疗