In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.
抗生素滥用
美国一女子因为尿路感染去医院就医,随后医生在其体内检查出了“超级细菌(super bacterium)”,这个细菌几乎对所有治疗尿路感染的药物都耐受,产生这种细菌的原因就是抗生素的滥用(antibiotic abuse)。那么滥用抗生素的危害有哪些呢?
抗生素通过杀灭有害细菌而达到治疗作用,但是细菌也很聪明,它们会不断和抗生素斗争,在斗争中增强自己的适应性,提升自己的存活能力。随着抗生素的使用增多,我们体内的细菌就越强,抗生素的作用就越小。如果平时有个头疼脑热就用抗生素,那么当真遇到需要抗生素治疗的细菌时,抗生素的帮助可能就很有限了。
众所周知,我们的肠胃里其实有很多菌群(flora)。要知道,这些菌群也是我们身体免疫系统的一部分,可以使我们免受病菌侵害。长期服用抗生素会使胃肠菌群失衡,从而导致免疫力随之下降。这是因为我们服用的抗生素会杀死细菌,但是它却不会辨别这些细菌是有益的还是有害的,会好坏通吃,永久改变免疫功能和神经系统。滥用抗生素会导致儿童遭受真菌感染,诱发湿疹(eczema)、过敏、哮喘等疾病,尤其是三岁以下小孩处于生长发育期,一些器官组织尚未发展成熟,更容易受到抗生素的永久伤害。
中国有句老话,“是药三分毒”。大量使用抗生素会对肝脏和肾脏造成很严重的负担。甚至一些抗生素对牙齿、骨骼也有伤害。尤其是对一些身体发育还没有完全的儿童来说。抗生素的使用更是要慎重,不要平时有个头疼脑热就使用抗生素类药物,对身体没什么好处。对于中国老百姓来说,对待伤风感冒这些小病要做的是尽量减少用药,通过提升免疫力来消除病症,而不是考虑用什么药好得快。
Antibiotic Abuse
The abuse of antibiotics becomes prevalent as it is easy for us to approach. But people are also aware of the peril of too much use of it.
Firstly, the side effect of antibiotics is that it also enhances the adaptability and resistance of bacteria. The more antibiotics are used, the more tenacious the bacteria become. If the antibiotics are used at will, there will be no use to resort to antibiotics when it is absolutely necessary. Secondly, antibiotics will also destroy the living environment of gastrointestinal flora and make gastrointestinal flora unbalanced. Antibiotics kill not only harmful bacteria but also beneficial bacteria, permanently changing immune function and the nervous system. In addition, excessive use of antibiotics will also increase the burden of the liver and kidneys. Some antibiotics are even harmful to teeth and bones. For immature children, especially those under three years old, the harm of antibiotics even cannot be recovered.
More and more examples prove that the use of antibiotics should be more cautious. Don’t rely too much on antibiotics for some minor illnesses caused by colds. The best way we should choose is to eliminate the disease by improving our own immunity.