In this part there is an essay in Chinese. Read it carefully and then write a summary of 200 words in English on the ANSWER SHEET. Make sure that your summary covers the major points of the passage.

未æ¥åŒ»å­¦å‘展趋势

æ ¹æ®çŽ°ä»£åŒ»å­¦çš„å‘展轨迹和社会的å‘展趋势,未æ¥20年或30年,医学将å‘生很大的å˜åŒ–。

一ã€åŒ»å­¦çš„ä»»åŠ¡å°†ä»Žä»¥é˜²ç—…ã€æ²»ç—…ä¸ºä¸»é€æ­¥è½¬å‘以维护和增强å¥åº·ã€æé«˜äººçš„生命质é‡ä¸ºä¸»ã€‚在未æ¥å¯»æ±‚医学æœåŠ¡çš„ï¼Œä¸å†ä»…仅是患者,还会有相当数é‡çš„æ­£å¸¸äººï¼›è¯¢åŒ»é—®è¯Šçš„人,也ä¸ä»…仅是因为躯体的缺欠或æŸä¸ªç³»ç»Ÿæœ‰ç—…患的患者,相当多的人是为得到生活指导和心ç†å’¨è¯¢è€Œæ±‚医:医生开出的ä¸ä¼šå…¨æ˜¯åŽ»è¯æˆ¿å–è¯çš„处方,还有如何æé«˜ç”Ÿæ´»è´¨é‡çš„处方。医学的对象将从以患者为主的模å¼é€æ­¥è½¬å˜æˆé¢å‘整个人群的模å¼ã€‚因此,整个社会å«ç”Ÿèµ„æºçš„é…置将é‡ç‚¹åˆ†ä¸ºä¸¤æžï¼Œå³ç¤¾åŒºåŒ»å­¦æœåŠ¡ä¸ŽåŒ»å­¦ä¸­å¿ƒã€‚æœ‰ç›¸å½“æ•°é‡çš„医生是从事社区æœåŠ¡çš„å…¨ç§‘åŒ»ç”Ÿï¼Œè€Œæ¯”å…¨ç§‘åŒ»ç”Ÿå¤šå¾—å¤šçš„ï¼Œä»ŽæŸç§æ„义上æ¥è¯´ï¼Œæ›´ç›´æŽ¥ã€æ›´æœ‰æ•ˆã€æ›´èŠ‚çœèµ„æºçš„æ˜¯ç¤¾åŒºæŠ¤ç†é˜Ÿä¼ã€‚社区护ç†é˜Ÿä¼åŒ…括家庭病床æœåŠ¡ã€è€å¹´å…¬å¯“æœåŠ¡åŠç¤¾åŒºå›´äº§ä¸Žå©´å¹¼å„¿æœåŠ¡ç­‰ã€‚

二ã€ä¿¡æ¯å­¦ã€ç”Ÿç‰©ä¿¡æ¯å­¦å°†æ”¹å˜åŒ»å­¦å·¥ä½œçš„æ–¹å¼ã€‚长期以æ¥ç²¾å¿ƒä¿å­˜çš„厚厚的病历,将被一张å¯ä»¥è®°è½½ä¸€ä¸ªäººä¸€ç”Ÿçš„病情å˜åŒ–ã€è¯Šç–—ç»è¿‡ç”šè‡³å…¨éƒ¨å½±åƒèµ„料的å¡ç‰‡ä»£æ›¿ã€‚病历ä¸å†åªæ˜¯åœ¨æŸåŒ»é™¢ã€æŸæ—¶æœŸçš„病情档案的记录,而是其一生的å¥åº·ä¸Žç–¾ç—…å˜åŒ–的记载。预计在ä¸ä¹…的将æ¥ï¼Œä½œä¸ºåŒ»å­¦å’¨è¯¢æˆ–医疗ã€é¢„防等辅助手段,电å­åŒ»ç–—和网上医院一定会走å‘社会,走入市场。但必须强调的是:无论科学怎样å‘达,诊断或治疗手段如何先进,电å­åŒ»ç–—ã€è¿œç¨‹ä¼šè¯Šéƒ½ä¸èƒ½ä»£æ›¿æœ€åŸºæœ¬çš„医生与患者é¢å¯¹é¢ç›´æŽ¥çš„诊疗。å„ç§å…ˆè¿›çš„医疗手段都很é‡è¦ï¼Œä½†æœ€é‡è¦çš„è¿˜æ˜¯åŒ»ç”Ÿçš„åŸºæœ¬åŠŸï¼Œè€ŒåŒ»ç”Ÿä½¿ç”¨è®¡ç®—æœºçš„èƒ½åŠ›åªæ˜¯åŒ»ç”Ÿçš„基本功之一。

三ã€åŒ»å­¦å·¥ä½œçš„èŒƒå›´å°†ä»Žâ€œå‡ºç”Ÿåˆ°æ­»äº¡â€æ‰©å±•为“生å‰åˆ°æ­»åŽâ€ã€‚以往,人们认为“人从生到死,总离ä¸å¼€åŒ»ç”Ÿâ€ã€‚如今,在人还未出生的时候(胎生期),医生就å¯ä»¥å¯¹æŸç§ç–¾ç—…åšå‡ºæ­£ç¡®çš„诊断,并å¯è¿›è¡Œå¤–科治疗,从而矫正畸形ã€ä¿®å¤ç¼ºæŸï¼Œå¾…æ‰‹æœ¯å®Œæ¯•ï¼Œå†æŠŠèƒŽå„¿è¿˜çº³å­å®«ï¼Œä½¿èƒŽå„¿æ­£å¸¸å‘育,待其æˆç†ŸåŽå¨©å‡ºã€‚此时ä¸ä»…畸形或缺æŸå¾—ä»¥çŸ«æ­£ï¼Œè€Œä¸”è¿žç˜¢ç—•éƒ½æ²¡æœ‰ï¼Œè¿™å°±æ˜¯æ‰€è°“çš„èƒŽå„¿å¤–ç§‘ã€‚å½“ä»Šçš„åŒ»é™¢å„¿ç§‘è¿˜åªæ˜¯ä»Žæ–°ç”Ÿå„¿å¼€å§‹ï¼Œåœ¨ä¸ä¹…的将æ¥ï¼Œåœ¨å¦‡äº§ç§‘和儿科之间,将出现一个新兴的交å‰å­¦ç§‘——胎儿学科。现在,脑死亡者是个å®è´µçš„å«ç”Ÿèµ„æºï¼Œåœ¨åŒ»å­¦é¢†åŸŸä¸ä»…具有å¯ä¾›åˆ©ç”¨ã€é€ ç¦ä¸–人的价值,更具有研究的价值,如器官ä¿å­˜ã€ç»„织与细胞的ä¿å­˜ä¸Žå¢žå€¼ï¼Œéƒ½æ˜¯æ–°çš„研究课题和有å‘展å‰é€”的医学新领域。

答案

According to the development path of modern medicine and the development trend of society, in the next 20 or 30 years, medicine will undergo great changes.

Firstly, the task of medicine will gradually shift from preventing and treating diseases to maintaining and enhancing health and improving people’s quality of life. People see a doctor not only because of diseases treatment but also for health guidance. Accordingly, the allocation of the entire social health resources will be divided into two poles, the Community Medical Services and Medical Center. Considerable general practitioners with much bigger-scaled community nursing teams will be engaged in community services.

Secondly, informatics and bioinformatics will change the way medicine works. Medical records will be replaced by a card that can record all the medical information including a doctor’s change of condition, diagnosis and treatment, or even all image data. Advanced medical technologies as there are, face-to-face treatments between doctors and patients can’t be replaced.

Thirdly, the scope of medical work will expand from “birth to death” to “before and after death.” Doctors can give correct diagnosis of a certain disease and perform surgical treatment during the period of fetus, which is called Fetal Surgery, an emerging interdisciplinary subject - Fetal Subjects. Meanwhile, medical work will extend to the scope of posthumous organ utilization.

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