Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
How to Save Outdoor Recess (课间休息)
As the first and last weeks of school keep getting hotter in some places in the US, recess might be moved indoors day after day. Recess can improve grades and is where children learn how to problem-solve and cooperate. 47
Shade can make a person feel much cooler. In the next few years, schools’ ability to install structures that provide artificial shade could determine whether recess survives June, August, and September. 48
In Cheston, on average, the city’s primary-school playgrounds are almost entirely exposed to direct sunlight. Some schools have no shade at all. In California, 91 percent of the average schoolyard has zero tree cover.
Shade structures can take just days to put up, but installing shade can cost thousands, even tens of thousands, of dollars. Public schools and nonprofits can apply to the American Academy of Dermatology (皮肤病学) for up to $8,000 in funding for shade structures, which won’t cover the full cost of many projects. 49
This is largely due to the fact that most government programs intended to help schools adapt to climate change right now focus on energy efficiency, or cover the cost of planning, but do not fund the actual changes to buildings. Unless more resources emerge to support shade construction, in many parts of the country, school districts will spend the first two weeks — even up to a month — with indoor recess.
If children do spend recess indoors, they’ll probably stay in the classroom, doing things like watching movies. Some teachers will use the additional classroom time to pack in more instruction, while others may put on dance videos that help children burn off energy. 50 They run freely and chase each other on the playground, playing games and making friends. Those moments may endure in their memory.
49
After measuring shade in schoolyards, researchers have found that most have next to none.
But those things can’t replace the type of unstructured play that children need as they grow.
Financing these projects improves the quality of outdoor recess.
Still, these funds are one of the few outside sources of financing these projects.
The development of such an ability requires support from all levels.
The quickest way to keep playgrounds open through extreme heat is to get them out of direct sunlight.