Language performance and language acquisition are the two

principle concerns of the psychology of language, or psycholinguistics. 【M1】________

The intensified study of psycholinguistics has produced a considerable

amount of literature and some significant advance in our understanding 【M2】________

of language acquisition. Surprisingly little fundamental research

has been conducted into the processes of learning a second language.

The consequence has been most theories in this field 【M3】________

are still extrapolating from general theories of human learning 【M4】________

and behavior or from the recent work in language performance and

acquisition. This is not to say that there has been no valuable

research on language teaching. But this has been concerned about 【M5】________

the evaluation of different teaching methods and materials, for

example, the use of language laboratories, the use of language drills,

the teaching of grammar by different methods.

Now, such research is difficult to evaluate, so experiments in 【M6】________

language teaching suffer from the same set of problems that all

comparative educational experiments suffer from. It is virtually

impossible to control all the factors involved in even if we know 【M7】________

how to identify them in the first place, particularly such factors as

motivation, previous knowledge, aptitude, learning outside the classroom,

teacher performance. Consequently the conclusions, to be drawn

from such experiments can, with confidence, be generalized to other 【M8】________

teaching situations. The results are, strictly spoken, only valid for the 【M9】________

learners, teachers and schools in what the experiment took place. 【M10】________

Criticism is the analysis and judgment of works of art. It

tries to interpret and to evaluate such works and to examine

the principals by which they may be understood. Criticism 【M1】________

attempts to promote high standards among artists and to

encourage the appreciation of art. It also helps society remain

awareness of the value of both past and present works of art. 【M2】________

Criticism plays an important part in every art form, and it

can be divided into four basic types. They differ according to

which aspect of art the critic chooses to emphasize in. Formal 【M3】________

criticism examines the forms or structures of works of art. It

may also compare a work with others of its gender, such as 【M4】________

other tragic plays or other sonnets. Formal criticism is

sometimes intrinsic—that is, it may seek to treat each work of

art as total complete in itself. Rhetorical criticism analyzes the 【M5】________

means by which a work of art affects an audience. It focuses 【M6】________

style and on general principles of psychology. Expressive

criticism regards works as expressing the ideas or feelings of

the artist. It examines the artist’s background but conscious or 【M7】________

unconscious motives. Mimetic criticism views art as an

imitation of the world. It analyzes the ways which artists show 【M8】________

reality, and their thoughts about it. The four types of criticism

can also be combined. For example, a criticism who looks at 【M9】________

the form of a work must also study the way this form affects 【M10】________

an audience.

Social networking tools —like Facebook, blogging and

Twitter —are fast becoming an integral part of college

admissions in New Jersey and around the country as students

communicate with schools in the way that has become second

nature to them.

More than 60 percent of schools are now using so-called

social media to recruit and contact with students—a huge 【M1】________

jump in just a few years, according to a survey done for the

National Association of College Admissions Counseling. But 【M2】________

just about every college and university in New Jersey has

recently started or is planning to launch some sort of social

media campaign, from “living chats” online to Twitter updates 【M3】________

and video campus tours.

Applicants of Monmouth University can now use videos 【M4】________

submit via Facebook—in lieu of essays—to tell the school 【M5】________

why they should be accepted. Online groups set up by Drew

and Seton Hall universities let those admitted to get to know 【M6】________

each other before they ever set feet on campus, and Rutgers 【M7】________

University freshmen are blogging for prospective students on

school-sponsored sites. “It’s the new and best thing, and you

have to do it if you want to look antiquated,” said Peter Nacy, 【M8】________

vice president of undergraduate admissions at Seton Hall.

Seton Hall’s admissions office last year put on a Facebook 【M9】________

page for freshmen enrolling the class of next year, offering 【M10】________

notices, news and a chance to interact with other students.

The site grew quickly and now has nearly 850 members, out of a

class of 1,140.