The harmful effects of obesity on the heart can’t be undone by exercise, and it’s not possible to be “fat but healthy,” Spanish researchers argue.

“Exercise does not seem to【C1】_____for the negative effects of excess weight,” said study author Alejandro Lucia, a professor of exercise physiology at European University in Madrid. The study findings “【C2】_____the notion that a physically active lifestyle can completely negate the 3 effects of overweight and obesity,” he said.

Lucia and his colleagues【C4】_____data from nearly 528,000 working adults in Spain. The participants’【C5】_____ age was 42 and close to 7 out of 10 were men. About 42％ of these adults were normal weight; 41％ were overweight, and 18％ were obese. Most were inactive (63.5％); 12.3％ got some but not enough exercise, and 24.2％ were【C6】________ active. About 30％ of participants had high cholesterol; 15％ had high blood pressure, and 3％ had diabetes.

No matter【C7】_____active they were, however, overweight and obese people had a higher risk of heart disease than those whose weight was【C8】__, shown in the study, published Jan. 22 in the European Journal of Preventive Cardiology. Compared【C9】__active people of normal weight, active obese people were about twice as likely to have high cholesterol, four times more likely to have diabetes, and five times more likely to have high blood pressure. “One cannot be ’fat but healthy’”, Lucia【C10】_____in a journal news release.

But the researchers did not【C11】_____the importance of exercise. In all weight【C12】__, any physical activity was【C13】__with a lower risk of diabetes, high blood pressure or high cholesterol, according to the findings. And the risk of diabetes and high blood pressure fell【C14】_____physical activity rose.

“This tells us that everyone,【C15】_____of their body weight, should be physically active to【C16】__their health,” Lucia said. “More activity is better,【C17】__walking 30 minutes per day is better than walking 15 minutes a day,” he noted. Lucia said it’s【C18】__important to fight obesity and inactivity. “Weight loss should remain a primary【C19】__for health policies together with【C20】_____active lifestyles,” he concluded.

Using a computer or smartphone at night can cause us to【C1】________on the pounds, new research has revealed.

The study found a link between blue light【C2】_____—blue light is【C3】__by smartphones and tablets—and increased hunger. It found that exposure【C4】__the light increases hunger levels for several hours and even increases hunger levels【C5】_____eating a meal.

Results of the United States study show that blue-enriched light exposure, compared with【C6】_____light exposure, was【C7】__with an increase in hunger that began 15 minutes after light onset and was still【C8】_____ almost two hours after the meal. Blue light exposure has also already been shown to decreased【C9】________in the evening increasing the risk of insomnia.

Study co-author Ivy Cheung, of Northwestern University, in Chicago, said: “A single three-hour exposure to blue-enriched light in the evening【C10】_____impacted hunger and glucose metabolism. These results are important because they suggest that【C11】__environmental light exposure for humans may represent a novel 【C12】__of influencing food【C13】_____patterns and metabolism.”

The study group【C14】_____10 healthy adults with regular sleep and eating schedules who received【C15】__carbohydrate-rich meals. They completed a four-day trial【C16】__dim light conditions,【C17】__involved exposure to less than 20 lux during 16 hours【C18】_____and less than three lux during eight hours of sleep. On day three they were exposed to three hours of 260 lux, blue-enriched light starting 10.5 hours after waking up, and the effects were compared with dim light exposure on day two.

Ms Cheung said more research is needed to determine the【C19】_____of action【C20】_____in the relationship between light exposure, hunger and metabolism.