[A] admittedly [B]aid [C] associated [D] dreaded [E] exempt

[F] genetically [G] induces [H] infectious [I] ingredient [J] process

[K] soak [L] solution [M] sugary [N] temptation [O] warrants

It’s long been thought that chilies can help us lose weight. Now, new research has proved the fiery food can【C1】_____weight loss by speeding up metabolism. A study found capsaicin (辣椒素)—the【C2】_____that gives chili peppers their heat—could help burn off fat in the body.

The【C3】_____to eat fatty foods is often so strong that, for many, they can’t resist eating fatty or【C4】__foods even if they are trying to cut down on calories. Now, researchers believe capsaicin could provide a【C5】_____to this problem: speeding up the metabolism without the need to restrict the diet.

Researchers found capsaicin may stimulate the body to burn energy and create heat. It does this by activating receptors in the body which set off the process of energy burning.

These receptors are found in white and brown fat cells. In the body, white fat cells【C6】_____up calories and store them as fat—the【C7】_____type visible in potbellies, love handles and shaky thighs that is the enemy of dieters. It is known as “bad” fat for this reason. Brown fat, found in small amounts on the shoulders and neck, actually burns fat to heat the body—and is therefore known as “good” fat.

The researchers found that capsaicin in the diet is able to stimulate a receptor called potential vanilloid 1 (辣椒素受体) (TRPV1) channel protein. Activating this receptor suppresses obesity【C8】_____with a high-fat diet, the researchers found. They believe this is because it【C9】__“bad” white fat cells to become energy-burning “good” brown fat cells. The researchers carried out the study on one group of wild mice, and another group of mice that had been【C10】_____engineered to lack the TRPV1 Receptor.

[A] accepting [B] analytical [C] battling [D] books [E] concretely

[F] critical [G] emerge [H] express [I] fictional [J] immersing

[K] positively [L] refugees [M] register [N] resolutions [O] shelves

For authors of self-help guides, no human problem is too great or too small. Want to become fitter, richer or happier in the future? There are books for it—【C1】________upon shelves of them.

As we settle down to our New Year’s【C2】_____, we’ll turn in droves to self-help books. But the truth is that all good literature changes us, and a growing body of research suggests you might do better in【C3】_____life’s challenges after browsing through fiction for support. Think of it less as self-help than “shelf help”.

Reading has been proven to sharpen【C4】_____thinking, enabling us to better discern patterns—a handy tool when it comes to the often baffling behaviour of ourselves and others. But fiction in particular can make you more socially able and empathetic. Last year, the Journal of Applied Social Psychology published a paper showing how reading Harry Potter made young people in the U.K. and Italy more【C5】__disposed towards stigmatised (使蒙上污名的) minorities such as【C6】__. And in 2013, psychologists found that literary fiction enhanced people’s ability to【C7】_____and read others’ emotions.

We think of novels as places in which to lose ourselves, but when we【C8】_____, we take with us inspiration from our favourite characters. A 2012 study by researchers at Ohio State University found that this process could actually change a reader’s behaviour. In one experiment, participants strongly identifying with a【C9】_____character who overcame obstacles to vote proved significantly more likely to vote in a real election.

They may not promise transformation in seven easy steps, but gripping novels can inform and motivate us.

Sometimes an author helps by simply taking your mind off a problem and【C10】________you so fully in another’s world and outlook that you transcend yourself, returning recharged and determined.

[A] abolish [B] accelerate [C] ambiguity [D] bring [E] dispense

[F] evidence [G] expenditure [H] inquiry [I] irrational [J] lead

[K] outpace [L] shift [M] simply [N] striking [O] unanimously

For the past four decades, the basic tension between artificial intelligence and intelligence augmentation (增加)—A.I. versus I.A.—has been at the heart of progress in computing science as the field has produced a series of ever more powerful technologies.

Now, as the pace of technological change continues to【C1】_____, it has become increasingly possible to design computing systems that enhance the human experience, or now—in a growing number of cases—completely 【C2】_____with it.

Watson is an effort by IBM researchers to advance a set of techniques used to process human language. It provides【C3】_____evidence that computing systems will no longer be limited to responding to simple commands. Machines will increasingly be able to pick out jargon (行话) and even riddles. In attacking the problem of the【C4】__of human language, computer science is now closing in on what researchers refer to as the “Paris Hilton problem”—the ability, for example, to determine whether an【C5】__is being made by someone who is trying to reserve a hotel in France, or【C6】_____to pass the time surfing the Internet.

Traditionally, economists have argued that while new forms of automation may displace jobs in the short run, over longer periods of time economic growth and job creation have continued to【C7】_____any job-killing technology. Over the past century and a half the【C8】__from being a largely agrarian (农业的) society to one in which less than 1 percent of the United States labor force is in agriculture is frequently cited as【C9】_____of the economy’s ability to reinvent itself.

Rapid progress in natural language processing is beginning to【C10】________to a new wave of automation that promises to transform areas of the economy that have until now been untouched by technological change.