The attempts to curb allegedly anti-competitive behavior by large technology companies got serious in 2020, when federal and state agencies【C1】_____five separate antitrust lawsuits against Google Inc. and Facebook Inc. Another company at the center of the storm, Amazon.com Inc., has yet to【C2】__legal action, and with officials dedicating【C3】__resources to existing lawsuits, it’s possible to imagine it avoiding lawsuits. But that’s【C4】__, some antitrust experts say, especially given the ruling party’s determination to【C5】_____on anti-competitive behaviour.
“The【C6】_____that the lawsuit launched against Google and Facebook doesn’t mean Amazon is off the hook,” says Sally Hubbard, the director of enforcement strategy at Open Markets Institute, an antimonopoly group based in Washington that’s played a key role in【C7】_____enthusiasm for antitrust enforcement.
Amazon’s critics can【C8】_____point to its dominance. Almost 40 cents of every dollar spent online in the U.S. last year went to the company, which controls more of the online retail market than its nine closest【C9】_____ (including Walmart Inc. and EBay Inc.) combined, according to EMarketer Inc. “Amazon expanded its market power by【C10】_____taxes, extracting state subsidies, and engaging in anticompetitive conduct tactics that have given the company an unfair advantage over【C11】_____and potential rivals,” wrote the authors of a sweeping congressional antitrust report published in October.
State and federal agencies【C12】_____Amazon are focused in part on its enormous third-party marketplace. Outside vendors use the platform to sell【C13】__to consumers, but Amazon also sells its own competing products, and Congress’s antitrust report【C14】__that the company has used data it holds about merchants who use its platform to outmaneuver them. Amazon has rejected the idea that it【C15】__competition. It says it doesn’t hold a dominant market position, because e-commerce is a relatively small【C16】_____of the overall retail market.
Antitrust enforcers are less likely to【C17】_____Amazon, according to a person familiar with the matter,【C18】_____ courts have made it difficult to win cases targeting unilateral conduct by a company,【C19】_____favoring its own products. Mergers and agreements between competitors, the heart of the Google and Facebook cases, are more【C20】_____, and the government knows whatever action it takes is going to be long-lasting and expensive.
【C1】
focused
prosecuted
filed
issued
【C2】
face
raise
take
prepare
【C3】
magnificent
excessive
significant
necessary
【C4】
realistic
rational
insane
unlikely
【C5】
deal with
crack down
fight against
take down
【C6】
fact
assumption
conclusion
plan
Twice a year, in spring and autumn, London’s fashionistas go【C1】_____at the second of the world’s “big four” fashion weeks. From September 16th to the 21st, 68 catwalk shows【C2】__the wares of mainly British-based designers, with celebrities【C3】_____attendance.
A study by Oxford Economics for the British Fashion Council (BFC) found that the business【C4】________ about £21 billion to GDP directly, twice as much as car making. High fashion【C5】_____for only a fraction of that, but top-end, trend-setting design sits at the heart of the broader retail market. The BFC, which stages London Fashion Week,【C6】_____that its six days will have yielded perhaps £100 million in orders.
More than that, fashion is【C7】_____the sort of thing Britain is supposed to be good at in this post-industrial age: creative, high-value-added, cluster-based.【C8】_____the country does excel.
But there are characteristically British【C9】_____, too. Many【C10】__have trouble【C11】_____their ideas into cash.
This is only partly【C12】_____capital is hard to come by. “Here, it’s all about【C13】__. In other places it’s much【C14】__of a business,” says a Central St Martins student who has worked in France. The agent for a number of new designers【C15】__: “Young designers here just make【C16】__inspires them【C17】_____thinking enough about how much they’ll have to 18 for it, or who will buy it.” A great many fold after a few years.
A big【C19】_____now is to conquer developing markets【C20】_____developing-world fashion houses conquer Britain. The BFC is taking designers to Hong Kong next month, and to Beijing and Shanghai next year, says Harold Tillman, its chairman.
【C1】
crazy
excited
lunatic
sad
【C2】
played
marketed
displayed
advertised
【C7】
recognizing
removing
reviving
remembering
【C3】
on
as
to
in
【C4】
created
added
earned
spent
【C8】
naturally
probably
certainly
differently
【C5】
accounted
joined
stood
made
【C6】
claims
estimates
reports
confirms
【C9】
competitors
cooperators
partners
providers
【C7】
about
not
never
just
【C10】
reducing
avoiding
submitting
paying
【C8】
Then
But
And
So
【C11】
actual
normal
common
special
【C9】
downsides
features
advantages
cultures
【C12】
monitoring
stimulating
assessing
investigating
【C10】
brands
designers
inspirations
models
【C11】
convert
to convert
converts
converting
【C13】
equally
regularly
rapidly
directly
【C12】
because
as
thus
therefore
【C14】
alleges
introduces
proves
justifies
【C13】
business
clothes
art
competition
【C15】
influences
interferes
intensifies
harms
【C14】
more
less
main
most
【C16】
revenue
profit
segment
department
【C15】
claims
agrees
protests
dislikes
【C17】
pursue
promise
pretend
choose
【C16】
what
that
when
who
【C18】
but
and
because
so
【C17】
by
without
in
for
【C19】
rather than
such as
owing to
regardless of
【C18】
charge
earn
pay
tip
【C20】
complex
straightforward
backward
irrelevant
【C19】
debate
trap
challenge
crisis
【C20】
as
when
after
before