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The attempts to curb allegedly anti-competitive behavior by large technology companies got serious in 2020, when federal and state agencies【C1】_____five separate antitrust lawsuits against Google Inc. and Facebook Inc. Another company at the center of the storm, Amazon.com Inc., has yet to【C2】__legal action, and with officials dedicating【C3】__resources to existing lawsuits, it’s possible to imagine it avoiding lawsuits. But that’s【C4】__, some antitrust experts say, especially given the ruling party’s determination to【C5】_____on anti-competitive behaviour.

“The【C6】_____that the lawsuit launched against Google and Facebook doesn’t mean Amazon is off the hook,” says Sally Hubbard, the director of enforcement strategy at Open Markets Institute, an antimonopoly group based in Washington that’s played a key role in【C7】_____enthusiasm for antitrust enforcement.

Amazon’s critics can【C8】_____point to its dominance. Almost 40 cents of every dollar spent online in the U.S. last year went to the company, which controls more of the online retail market than its nine closest【C9】_____ (including Walmart Inc. and EBay Inc.) combined, according to EMarketer Inc. “Amazon expanded its market power by【C10】_____taxes, extracting state subsidies, and engaging in anticompetitive conduct tactics that have given the company an unfair advantage over【C11】_____and potential rivals,” wrote the authors of a sweeping congressional antitrust report published in October.

State and federal agencies【C12】_____Amazon are focused in part on its enormous third-party marketplace. Outside vendors use the platform to sell【C13】__to consumers, but Amazon also sells its own competing products, and Congress’s antitrust report【C14】__that the company has used data it holds about merchants who use its platform to outmaneuver them. Amazon has rejected the idea that it【C15】__competition. It says it doesn’t hold a dominant market position, because e-commerce is a relatively small【C16】_____of the overall retail market.

Antitrust enforcers are less likely to【C17】_____Amazon, according to a person familiar with the matter,【C18】_____ courts have made it difficult to win cases targeting unilateral conduct by a company,【C19】_____favoring its own products. Mergers and agreements between competitors, the heart of the Google and Facebook cases, are more【C20】_____, and the government knows whatever action it takes is going to be long-lasting and expensive.

1

【C1】

A

focused

B

prosecuted

C

filed

D

issued

2

【C2】

A

face

B

raise

C

take

D

prepare

3

【C3】

A

magnificent

B

excessive

C

significant

D

necessary

4

【C4】

A

realistic

B

rational

C

insane

D

unlikely

5

【C5】

A

deal with

B

crack down

C

fight against

D

take down

6

【C6】

A

fact

B

assumption

C

conclusion

D

plan

Twice a year, in spring and autumn, London’s fashionistas go【C1】_____at the second of the world’s “big four” fashion weeks. From September 16th to the 21st, 68 catwalk shows【C2】__the wares of mainly British-based designers, with celebrities【C3】_____attendance.

A study by Oxford Economics for the British Fashion Council (BFC) found that the business【C4】________ about £21 billion to GDP directly, twice as much as car making. High fashion【C5】_____for only a fraction of that, but top-end, trend-setting design sits at the heart of the broader retail market. The BFC, which stages London Fashion Week,【C6】_____that its six days will have yielded perhaps £100 million in orders.

More than that, fashion is【C7】_____the sort of thing Britain is supposed to be good at in this post-industrial age: creative, high-value-added, cluster-based.【C8】_____the country does excel.

But there are characteristically British【C9】_____, too. Many【C10】__have trouble【C11】_____their ideas into cash.

This is only partly【C12】_____capital is hard to come by. “Here, it’s all about【C13】__. In other places it’s much【C14】__of a business,” says a Central St Martins student who has worked in France. The agent for a number of new designers【C15】__: “Young designers here just make【C16】__inspires them【C17】_____thinking enough about how much they’ll have to 18 for it, or who will buy it.” A great many fold after a few years.

A big【C19】_____now is to conquer developing markets【C20】_____developing-world fashion houses conquer Britain. The BFC is taking designers to Hong Kong next month, and to Beijing and Shanghai next year, says Harold Tillman, its chairman.

21

【C1】

A

crazy

B

excited

C

lunatic

D

sad

22

【C2】

A

played

B

marketed

C

displayed

D

advertised

7

【C7】

A

recognizing

B

removing

C

reviving

D

remembering

23

【C3】

A

on

B

as

C

to

D

in

24

【C4】

A

created

B

added

C

earned

D

spent

8

【C8】

A

naturally

B

probably

C

certainly

D

differently

25

【C5】

A

accounted

B

joined

C

stood

D

made

26

【C6】

A

claims

B

estimates

C

reports

D

confirms

9

【C9】

A

competitors

B

cooperators

C

partners

D

providers

27

【C7】

A

about

B

not

C

never

D

just

10

【C10】

A

reducing

B

avoiding

C

submitting

D

paying

28

【C8】

A

Then

B

But

C

And

D

So

11

【C11】

A

actual

B

normal

C

common

D

special

29

【C9】

A

downsides

B

features

C

advantages

D

cultures

12

【C12】

A

monitoring

B

stimulating

C

assessing

D

investigating

30

【C10】

A

brands

B

designers

C

inspirations

D

models

31

【C11】

A

convert

B

to convert

C

converts

D

converting

13

【C13】

A

equally

B

regularly

C

rapidly

D

directly

32

【C12】

A

because

B

as

C

thus

D

therefore

14

【C14】

A

alleges

B

introduces

C

proves

D

justifies

33

【C13】

A

business

B

clothes

C

art

D

competition

15

【C15】

A

influences

B

interferes

C

intensifies

D

harms

34

【C14】

A

more

B

less

C

main

D

most

16

【C16】

A

revenue

B

profit

C

segment

D

department

35

【C15】

A

claims

B

agrees

C

protests

D

dislikes

17

【C17】

A

pursue

B

promise

C

pretend

D

choose

36

【C16】

A

what

B

that

C

when

D

who

18

【C18】

A

but

B

and

C

because

D

so

37

【C17】

A

by

B

without

C

in

D

for

19

【C19】

A

rather than

B

such as

C

owing to

D

regardless of

38

【C18】

A

charge

B

earn

C

pay

D

tip

20

【C20】

A

complex

B

straightforward

C

backward

D

irrelevant

39

【C19】

A

debate

B

trap

C

challenge

D

crisis

40

【C20】

A

as

B

when

C

after

D

before