[A] access [B] conquer [C] defeat [D] distinct [E] majority

[F] minority [G] normally [H] original [I] previous [J] properly

[K] represent [L] self-identify [M] sources [N] surroundings [O] total

Since 1994 the UN has decided to set 9 August as the International Day of the World’s Indigenous Peoples. They can celebrate it with special events, conferences and meetings. Indigenous people are the first people to live in a particular place—the【C1】_____population that first created a community on that land before other people came to live in,【C2】__or colonise the area. People【C3】_____as indigenous, which means they decide for themselves whether they consider themselves to be indigenous.

There are more than 350 million indigenous people living in 90 countries. They【C4】_____5000 different cultures and speak the great【C5】_____of the thousands of languages that are spoken around the world today.

Indigenous communities often have【C6】_____beliefs, culture and customs. Many indigenous people still live in very close contact with the land, with a respect for and understanding of their natural【C7】_____.

Indigenous peoples are not the dominant groups in the societies they live in. The dominant groups are the people that arrived later. This means that indigenous peoples have suffered from many problems related to a lack of economic power, social protection and political representation. Although indigenous peoples make up less than five per cent of the world’s【C8】_____population, they stand for 15 percent of the world’s poorest people. They are more likely to have limited【C9】__to healthcare and education, and members of indigenous communities live shorter lives than non-indigenous groups. Their languages are not【C10】_____taught in schools, and many of these languages are in danger of disappearing. It is estimated that one indigenous language is lost every two weeks.

[A] controversial [B] convicted [C] cover [D] distinguished [E] intend

[F] notorious [G] particles [H] previously [I] raw [J] sign

[K] symbol [L] tempted [M] tend [N] universally [O] urged

Saturated fat adds creaminess to cheese and greasiness to bacon. Lately it’s also been the key ingredient in a【C1】_____debate. For decades, doctors and medical organizations have viewed saturated fat as the【C2】__material for a heart attack and advised strictly limiting it. But newer research has some experts questioning whether we’ve【C3】__the wrong criminal. As some books and headlines embrace red meat and dairy products—a magazine【C4】_____even implored us to eat butter, Americans are left to wonder whether everything they thought they knew about nutrition was wrong.

By 1980, the first government dietary guidelines【C5】_____Americans to cut back on saturated fat and cholesterol (胆固醇) by limiting cream, butter, eggs, deep-fried food, and fatty cuts of red meat. “Saturated fat is definitely bad for you,” says Penny Kris-Etherton,【C6】__professor of nutrition sciences at Pennsylvania State University. “It raises LDL cholesterol, and cholesterol raises the risk of heart disease.” However, in the mid-1990s, a much-publicized paper in Annals of Internal Medicine, found no【C7】__that people who reported eating a lot of saturated fat were more likely than anyone else to suffer from heart disease. The latest American Heart Association guidelines recommend that people consume 5 to 6 percent of calories from saturated fat. More recent evidence suggests that saturated fat may not be as bad as【C8】_____thought.

Saturated fat can boost levels of LDL cholesterol, but those bits of cholesterol【C9】________to be big and floppy.

This is important because it appears that small, hard cholesterol【C10】________—the kind not associated with saturated fat—are more likely to clog arteries (动脉).

[A] blanketing [B] contend [C] encounter [D] environmental [E] exactly

[F] flowing [G] growth [H] naturally [I] options [J] portions

[K] potential [L] relatively [M] significant [N] superficial [O] transported

The spectacular Great Barrier Reef is one of the wonders of the natural world, but it faces numerous threats ranging from climate change to hungry parasitic (寄生的) starfish. There’s now another problem to【C1】_____with after heavy flooding in northeastern Australia created vast plumes of polluted floodwater【C2】_____many parts of the reef.

In the past few weeks,【C3】_____quantities of rain have fallen on Australia’s Queensland state, washing sediment and harmful chemicals into rivers, which are then being【C4】__into the sea. The plumes of dirty water are so large that they can be seen from space. In fact, satellite imagery indicates that the flood run-off (径流) is affecting【C5】_____of the reef located up to 37 miles from the coast.

Scientists say that the polluted run-off—which could include chemicals commonly used in agriculture—has the【C6】_____to kill coral and sea grass in the reef if it persists for long enough. The chemicals in the water have even led to the【C7】__of algae in some areas, creating thick layers of green. Plumes of dirty water are easily broken up by wind and waves. However, the weather has been【C8】_____calm since the floods.

At present, it is not clear【C9】_____how much damage the flood run-off is doing to the reef—but the picture will become clearer soon when the Australian Institute of Marine Science issues its report on the situation. The newest【C10】_____threat couldn’t have come at a worse time for the reef, which in the last few years has been struck by a damaging cyclone and two catastrophic mass coral bleaching events—the worst in recorded history.