[A] brief [B] conclude [C] cumulative [D] descendants [E] developed

[F] exotic [G] hazard [H] ingested [I] inhabitants [J] lingering

[K] marine [L] neglectfully [M] pollutant [N] properly [O] released

A staggering 8 million tonnes of plastic waste is entering the world’s oceans every year, which is equivalent to five grocery bags full of plastic for every foot of coastline in the world, according to the first scientific assessment of the problem.

The joint US-Australian study,【C1】_____at the American Association for the Advancement of Science annual meeting, analysed waste production data from 192 countries to【C2】_____that 4.8 million to 12.7 million tonnes of “mismanaged plastic” entered the oceans in 2010, and 8 million tonnes is the central estimate.

Plastic in the oceans is becoming a serious ecological problem for【C3】_____life, as well as an ugly【C4】__washed up on beaches and floating on the open seas. Large pieces such as intact plastic bags are a【C5】__for animals from turtles to dolphins, which can become entangled (缠住) or swallow them with fatal results. More insidious is the weathering of plastic debris into tiny particles that can be【C6】_____even by microscopic invertebrates (无脊椎动物).

“In 2025 the annual input would be about twice the 2010 input or 10 bags per foot of coastline. The【C7】________input in 2025 would be nearly 20 times our 2010 estimate: 100 bags full of plastic per foot of coastline in the world,” said the study leader Jenna Jambeck.

Fortunately,【C8】_____nations have the infrastructure to dispose【C9】__of the vast majority of their plastic or recycle it. But poorer countries do not. Altogether about 3 percent of the world’s total plastic waste ends up in the oceans through littering or dumping. A huge investment will be needed to save the oceans and their 【C10】_____from choking on human plastic debris.

[A] accidentally [B] aggression [C] ambitious [D] commuters [E] conflict

[F] enabled [G] estimates [H] facilities [I] nuisances [J] owners

[K] promoting [L] propelling [M] regularly [N] strengthened [O] suspicious

There’s a battle raging in the streets of America. Anyone who【C1】________rides a bicycle knows all about this.

Some motorists have declared war on bikes as annoying【C2】_____that lead to slow traffic. They honk (鸣笛), shout or curse at two-wheeled travelers. A few will do even worse. The New York Times reports that incidents of【C3】_____toward bicycle riders appear to be growing, as bike riders take to the streets in order to save gas and money and fight global warming.

In Denver, nearly 11000 first-time bike【C4】_____turned out for Bike to Work Day. The bicycle group Transportation Alternatives【C5】_____that the number of New Yorkers who cycle daily has risen by 77 percent since 2000.

Even though virtually every state grants bicyclists the same rights (and responsibilities) as motorists to use the streets, many drivers still refuse to accept this. They view themselves as Kings of the Road—an impression that has been strongly【C6】_____by the transportation planning profession, which has designed our cities and suburbs as if people did not exist outside of their cars. But a big new idea to settle this【C7】_____and improve life in the streets for everyone is now taking root among community activists, urban planners and traffic engineers.

“Now, in communities across the country, a movement is growing to complete the streets. States, cities and towns are asking their planners, engineers and designers to build road networks that welcome all citizens,” declares the website of a new organization【C8】_____this idea. Complete the Streets—an【C9】__program of adding bike lanes, pedestrian【C10】_____and traffic-calming measures—is the best idea to hit our communities since pizza, or even the bicycle itself.

[A] abruptly [B] account [C] accumulation [D] cited [E] confirm

[F] confronting [G] emissions [H] encouraging [I] energy [J] gradually

[K] identify [L] increase [M] outstanding [N] recovering [O] released

According to new government figures, pollution levels are rising again after several years of gradual decline.

Data【C1】_____on Friday by the Energy Department show American factories and power plants put more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the first six months of 2014 compared with the same period in each of the past two years. The figures【C2】__a reversal first seen in 2013, when the trend of steadily falling emissions【C3】_____halted.

The higher emissions are primarily a reflection of a【C4】_____economy, as American businesses burned more gas and oil to meet higher demand. But the shift also highlights the challenge【C5】_____the administration as it seeks to honor a pledge to sharply cut U. S. emissions of greenhouse gases by the end of the decade.

Administration officials said the【C6】_____was not particularly surprising given the improving economy, and some pointed to one of the report’s bright spots: Even as the economy expanded, carbon【C7】_____from automobiles have remained essentially flat, as more Americans switched to fuel-efficient cars and trucks.

Some also cited another【C8】_____trend in the report: big jumps in the use of alternative and renewable【C9】__. Solar, wind and hydropower were up more than 7 percent compared with two years ago, according to the report, and renewable sources now【C10】_____for nearly 12 percent of the country’s domestic energy production.