More than two-thirds of people who try just one cigarette may go on

to become regular smokers, new research suggests.

Researchers found that just over 60% of adults said they tried a 【M1】__________

cigarette at some point in their lives, with almost 69% of those noting

that they had, at least for period, gone on to smoke cigarettes daily. 【M2】__________

“This shows prevention is a good idea,” said Peter Hajek, from Queen

Mary University.

The research, that published in the journal Nicotine and Tobacco 【M3】__________

Research, is based on data pooled from five surveys conducting since the 【M4】__________

year 2000, including three each from the UK and USA, and a further

two studies from Australia and New Zealand. Together, the surveys

concluded more than 216,000 respondents, with between 50% and 82% 【M5】__________

saying that, after trying a cigarette, they had gone on to smoke on a

daily basis—at least temporary. Further analysis showed that,taken 【M6】__________

together, an estimated 68. 9% of individuals smoked daily for a period

after trying a cigarette.

The team also looked at whether the results were likely to be

skewed by smokers being little likely to respond in surveys than non- 【M7】__________

smokers, but no strong effect was found. However, the authors note

that the study also has other limitations, including that the findings are

based on respondents, self-reporting information, meaning the resulting

figures are only an estimate. “It is possible that anybody who is a 【M8】__________

lifetime non-smoker did try a cigarette when he was a kid but it didn’t

make any impression of him, and he doesn’t see that it is important 【M9】__________

enough to report,” said Hajek. But, he added, “I think even if when 【M10】_________

you assume there is a recall issue, you are talking about more than a

50% conversion rate from trying a cigarette to daily smoking.”

Over the past two decades, countries in the world have become

more and more interdependent, and new technologies have erased many

existing borders. As boundaries between countries are dissolved, foreign

language instruction has become less necessary than ever for linking with 【M1】__________

the rest of the world and for producing an enlightened citizenship able to

function in today’s ever-shrinked world. 【M2】__________

To be competitive at a global scale, the business world of tomorrow 【M3】__________

needs individuals who can work in a cultural diverse environment and 【M4】__________

who have strong skills in a foreign language. US companies have

committed many faux pas when attempting to market their products

abroad. One such example involves in a major American airline company 【M5】__________

wanting to advertise its new leather first-class seats in the Mexican

market. They translated its “Fly in Leather” campaign literally as 【M6】__________

“Vuela en cuero,” that means “Fly Naked” in Spanish. One can only 【M7】__________

imagine embarrassment that must have ensued. Additionally, many 【M8】__________

businesses are looking for people who are proficient in other languages.

Such skills are needed in service industries, publishers and entertainment

industries, corporate offices with overseas accounts, and also in other

areas such as medicine, law, business, journalism. Knowing another

language provides a competitive edge in career choices in today’s and

tomorrow’s world.

Once again, the connection between languages and national security

has risen to a forefront. In the past decades, the US government has 【M9】__________

relied heavily on technical means for gathering intelligence; however,

the events of September 11 have been highlighted the shortage in the 【M10】_________

manpower needed to translate the messages gathered through

intelligence. Lack of foreign language expertise will continue to

undermine national security, because the only way to get the deep

understanding of another country that is needed for intelligence

operations is to master the language spoken there.

The term “print” has several meanings, so it is important to

understand exactly what is meant by the artistic terminology. A print in

the artistic sense is not a reproduction of a work of art doing in some 【M1】__________

other medium, such as painting or drawing. That can in no sense be

considered as work of art, since the artist had no involvement with it. A 【M2】__________

print is an original work of art created by an indirect method. Instead

for making an image directly on a surface, as in drawing or painting, the 【M3】__________

artist works on a master surface, that may be a sheet of metal, a block 【M4】__________

of stone, a wood, plastic,or linoleum (油布). From this master 【M5】__________

surface, numerous impressions may be made by inking the surface,

laying a sheet of paper on it, and then subjected both surface and paper 【M6】__________

to pressure, generally by means of a printing press.

A print may exist in several versions. Sometimes the printmaker

alters the image between impressions, so that each print was slightly 【M7】__________

different from the others. Any series of such prints is referred to as

multiples. The number of impressions (known as the edition) that are

possible from a single original varies by the material. Prints made from 【M8】__________

linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than that made from a 【M9】__________

metal plate, which is capable of striking fine-quality prints in the

thousands. It is customary to number prints as they come off the press,

the earlier impressions being the finer and therefore the most desirable. 【M10】_________