A good run can sometimes make you feel like a brand-new person. And, in a way, that feeling may be literally true. About three decades of research in neuroscience have identified a robust link between aerobic exercise and subsequent cognitive clarity, and to many in this field the most exciting recent finding in this area is that of neurogenesis. Not so many years ago, the brightest minds in neuroscience thought that our brains got a set amount of neurons, and that by adulthood, no new neurons would be birthed. But this turned out not to be true.【G1】______________

The other fascinating thing is where these new cells pop up.【G2】______________If you are exercising so that you sweat—about 30 to 40 minutes—new brain cells are being born,” added Postal, who herself is a runner. “And it just happens to be in that memory area.”

Other post-run changes have been recorded in the brain’s frontal lobe.【G3】____________After about 30 to 40 minutes of a vigorous aerobic workout—enough to make you sweat—studies have recorded increased blood flow to this region, which, incidentally, is associated with many of the attributes we associate with “clear thinking”: planning ahead, focus and concentration, goal-setting, time management.

【G4】_____________________Mindfulness, or being here now, is a wonderful thing, and there is a seemingly ever-growing stack of scientific evidence showing the good it can bring to your life. And yet mindlessness—daydreaming, or getting lost in your own weird thoughts—is important, too.

【G5】___________________For example, having to reread a line of text three times because our attention has drifted away matters very little if that attention shift has allowed us to access a key insight, a precious memory or make sense of a troubling event; pausing to reflect in the middle of telling a story is inconsequential if that pause allows us to retrieve a distant memory that makes the story more compelling; and arriving home from the store without the eggs that necessitated the trip is a mere annoyance when weighed against coming to a decision to ask for a raise, leave a job, or go back to school.

[A] There’s another big mental benefit to gain from running, one that scientists haven’t quiet yet man-aged to pin down to poke at and study: the wonderful way your mind drifts here and there as the miles go by.

[B] But it’s this area that’s also been linked to emotion regulation, which may help explain the results of one recent study conducted by Harvard psychology PhD candidate Emily E. Bernstein.

[C] Studies in animal models have shown that new neurons are produced in the brain throughout the lifespan, and, so far, only one activity is known to trigger the birth of those new neurons: vigorous aerobic exercise, said Karen Postal, president of the American Academy of Clinical Neuropsychology.

[D] Intervention studies have popped up in recent years that suggest if you can get people who are having trouble with mood or anxiety to exercise, it helps.

[E] This area of the brain—also called the frontal executive network system—is located, obviously enough, at the very front: It’s right behind your forehead. Increased activity happens in this region after people adopt a long-term habit of physical activity.

[F] This insight can be better illustrated by the fact that mind-wandering, by choice or by accident, pro-duces tangible reward when measured against goals and aspirations that are personally meaningful.

[G] It’s in the hippocampus, a region of the brain associated with learning and memory. So this could help explain, at least partially, why so many studies have identified a link between aerobic exercise and improvement in memory.

Clean, precise writing or speaking requires systematic, sequential thought. Words have to be crafted, not sprayed. They need to be fitted together with infinite care.【G1】_______________Thomas Mann would consider himself lucky if, after a full day at his desk, he was able to put down on paper 500 words that he was willing to share with the world.

【G2】_______________Our words too often lead us away from where we want to go; they unwittingly annoy friends or business associates. We are angry when our position is not understood and then becomes the collapsing factor in an important business deal. Or we are terrified when the leaders of government mis-communicate and put their countries on a collision course.

The school can have no more important function than to teach students how to make themselves clear. But by putting speed ahead of substance, the school creates false values. Racing against the clock is not an ideal way to organize one’s thoughts or arrange one’s words.

The same hazards apply to speed-reading. Yes, we are troubled each day by piles of papers, and we need to have some way of getting swiftly at the essential part of letters or articles or presentations.

【G3】___________________

Few things are more rewarding than the way the mind can hover over a luminous paragraph or even a phrase, allowing it to light up the imagination. The way the mind transforms little markings on paper into images is one of the highest manifestations of human uniqueness.

The teacher in high school who made the greatest impression on me would often devote the full classroom period to a single passage from a literary work, helping us get inside the author’s mind and effect a junction between purpose and artistry. I still have a vivid memory, for example, of the way she slowly read the passage from Swift in which Gulliver was tied down by the Lilliputians. Each word became part of a picture in the mind.【G4】________________

On the opposite extreme, one need not strain for specimens of poor communication in everyday life.

【G5】__________________

I see it in the wording of informed-consent papers that patients are asked to sign before undergoing medical procedures. I see it in the small print of insurance policies or on the backs of airline tickets.

Much of the stumbling and incoherence that gets in the way of effective communication these days has its origin in our failure early on to develop respect for thought processes. The way thoughts are converted into language calls for no less attention in formal schooling than geography or mathematics or biology or any of the other systematic subjects.

[A] Like polluted air, it surrounds and encases us.

[B] Much of the trouble we get into (as individuals or organizations or as government) is connected to sloppy communication.

[C] Squeezing essential meaning into arbitrary and unworkable time limits leads to glibness on one end and exasperation on the other.

[D] In the very act of testing writing skills, the schools foster poor writing habits.

[E] William Faulkner would isolate himself in a small cell-like room and labor over his words like a jeweler arranging tiny jewels in a watch.

[F] I don’t know how long it took Swift to write this particular description, but it helped open young minds to the kind of imagery that belongs to creative expression.

[G] But the habit of skimming is too easily carried over to creative reading.

The Internet is full of get-rich-quick schemers, and many big fat liars—and they all try to get ads for their “businesses” to show up next to Google search results.【G1】_______________Google has employed “ad cops” charged with sniffing out questionable advertisers basically since the search engine began in late 1990s. Today, Google earns about 95% of its revenue from advertising, so making sure its ad marketplace is free of illegitimate businesses is a big part of the search giant’s own business.

Google employs a mix of machines and humans to catch bad ads.【G2】_____________Because the automated system isn’t perfect, Google also relies on actual humans to determine some ads’ legitimacy. And even then, about 2% to 3% of accounts that are shut down are overturned after being mistakenly suspended.

“The engineers thought that the model that they were building had some fundamental flaw, and it was going to catch a lot of really good advertisers and frustrate them by either shutting them down automatically or delaying their ads,” says David Baker, Google’s director of engineering and advertising, who is essentially acting commissioner of the Google Police Department.

But Google’s model was smarter than they realized—smarter than even the engineers themselves. As it turned out, the people behind the questionable ads were taking photographs of cars parked on the street and uploading them to sites to be purchased. Then, once a buyer emerged, they stole the cars.【G3】____________________

Baker says that while he believes the problem of bad ads may be growing, he also knows that Google’s detection systems are getting more sophisticated—and therefore they’re catching more ads.

【G4】_________________Baker says Google reduced the percentage of bad ads found in those weekly evaluations by 50% in 2011, and by another 50% last year.

【G5】________________

Still, Google’s Baker is hopeful that bad ads are close to peaking. “I have this aspiration that we will get so good that there is going to be an inflection point, where the bad actors realize it’s not worth their time and energy,” he says. “It’s possible that the 2012 numbers are an indication that we’re approaching that point. But this is going to be a constant battle for as long as I want to be employed at Google. In a somewhat sadistic way, I have job security.”

[A] Shady ads have become such a problem for search engines that hundreds of employees now work round-the-clock to protect users before they get ripped off.

[B] Its first line of defense is software that searches for ads with specific attributes Google finds unsavory. For example, ads related to online gambling automatically get snagged because the practice is illegal in the U.S.

[C] Those ads show up right alongside the results of Google, Bing and other search engines, and they’re sometimes even tagged as a “Sponsored Ad.”

[D] A few specific types of sketchy ads actually decreased in 2012, including advertisements for counterfeit goods, as well as cloaking scams. Overall, however, the numbers keep going up.

[E] “It was this rather nasty scam,” says Baker, “and this new model caught it without the engineer having any knowledge of this space. It was purely based on looking at attributes that related this scam in some way to past scams.”

[F] One way Google’s ad cops have figured out they’re improving is through a weekly evaluation of a sample of the search engine’s top advertised sites to determine if any illegitimate ads have seeped through.

[G] Overall, the numbers suggest that year in, year out, more attempts are made to scam people on the Internet. But it may also be that after years of determining how best to sniff out schemers, the ad cops employed by search engines are better at their jobs.

[A] Factor in other events and calamities

[B] Invest in insurance if you’re going abroad

[C] Consider the type of trip you’re planning and the cost

[D] Practice patience

[E] Know where you’re already covered

[F] Understand the different types of policies

[G] Compare the cost of your trip and the premium

Sometimes, the chance to embrace new passions and thrilling pursuits in a far-off destination is reason enough to plan a trip. While it’s a no-brainer to purchase insurance if you want to visit an off-the-grid destination to enjoy high-risk activities, other times, the answer isn’t so clear-cut Deciding whether or not to take the risk or buy travel insurance is up to you. To help you weigh your options, we asked industry experts to deliver practical advice and insight on travel insurance.

【G1】______________________________________________

Before deciding if it’s worthwhile to buy insurance, the first step is understanding where you need coverage and where you don’t. For example, some major credit cards offer some medical and baggage insurance. And many major health insurance providers cover some out-of-network medical services overseas, but make sure to read the fine print since expenses like emergency medical evacuations, which can cost hundreds of thousands of dollars, are typically not included.

【G2】_________________________________________________________

The next step is pinpointing a provider and policy that offers the type of insurance you need, based on key variables such as trip price, destination and itinerary, along with pre-existing medical conditions. There are three main areas of travel insurance: medical costs and medical evacuation, loss or theft of belongings and thirdly, cancellation and delay expenses. Not all policies are the same. It’s important to select the coverage that’s best for your situation.

【G3】__________________________________________

The key criteria to consider before buying insurance include cost of the trip, length of the trip, your itinerary and your health. A simple point-to-point trip domestically probably isn’t worth insuring. An around-the-world adventure, definitely. If you’re planning to spend more than $5,000 on a trip which is known as a “big ticket” purchase, it should be insured. Another time travel insurance is a wise idea is if you have a complex or extended itinerary. If you’re on a tour with a lot of moving parts, then insurance could be useful. When one part doesn’t go as planned, the right policy can help you make a quick recovery.

【G4】__________________________________________

The key factors to think about if you’re considering traveling to a hurricane-affected area during hurricane season include whether you’ll have access to a cancellation benefit if flights are cancelled due to weather and if your hotel is uninhabitable. It’s also important to understand timing. For example, if you are planning a trip to a Zika-affected area for some public activity, you won’t be covered, because unlike an unforeseen natural event, Zika has already been declared a public health emergency and pregnant and expecting women have been cautioned against visiting affected areas.

【G5】_________________________________________

If you’re in a bind, and you are trying to get home due to an unforeseen weather disruption or other calamity, wait to rebook your flights. The airline that got you there is responsible for getting you home on their next available flight. Be patient. And if you’re traveling to an area that is hurricane-prone, most reputable carriers and hoteliers have set procedures to help accommodate travelers.

[A] It is expected that autonomous vehicles will help ease congestion and we have data that shows that through improved traffic flows (also known as eco-routing), we can save up to 30 percent in weekly fuel bills. Improving traffic flow within our cities will help improve air quality. But to achieve this we need to challenge the behaviours of individuals and change how society views transport. After all, autonomous vehicles are not automatically low-carbon.

[B] People need to start thinking about why they are traveling, what time they are traveling and which mode of transport they are using to travel. If we all start becoming a little bit smarter about how we travel, we could help to reduce bottlenecks on our transport network well before we have these fully automated vehicles on our roads. So everyone should get involved in the development and delivery of our future transport systems. We all have a role to play in challenging the current behaviours that society adopts.

[C] For many years, the films that we know and love—from The Fifth Element through to Star Wars— have featured autonomous technology. But as we approach the time where this could become a reality, people are starting to become skeptical of the value such technology provides us with. Is it more about extending the life of our dilapidated infrastructure so that no further investment is required? Do customers even want autonomous technology?

[D] It is expected that within the next 10 to 15 years we will see the infiltration of autonomous vehicles into our current road fleet. However, this is likely to be a gradual move towards more autonomy, rather than something that happens overnight. Many of us are already familiar with the technology, technically referred to as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems, which includes some level of automation such as lane guidance, blind spot detection and autonomous emergency braking systems.

[E] Research suggests that they should want it—in their cars at least. Data tells us that around 95 percent of all accidents that happen on U.K. roads are due to human error; if we reduce human operation, this should mean fewer accidents. Estimates suggest that autonomous technology could boost the U.K. economy by as much as $62 billion a year due to fewer accidents, improved productivity and increased trade. This demonstrates why it makes sense for the government, industry leaders and academics to redouble efforts to look at how we phase out human involvement in driving vehicles.

[F] Questions still remain: How do we make sure that the vehicles that are being produced are the ones that people want? Who is actually asking the customers what they want? The engineering community has a history of designing products that provide the best technical solution but that might not be the best fit with the customers. These are not the only challenges. Much of the technology being implemented into our vehicles is designed to make driving safer, but if we don’t know how to use it properly and can still turn it off, what is the point of having it?

[G] And then there’s one final concern: The environment. Over the past year, we have seen air quality move up the agenda, particularly within our cities, with figures emerging of as many as 29,000 premature deaths caused every year due to poor air quality. Whatever the real figure may be, we know that the current global car count is around 1.2 billion and this is expected to double by 2030.

C→【G1】→【G2】→F→【G3】→【G4】→【G5】